James 4:4-6 You adulteresses, do you not know that friendship with the world is hostility toward God? Therefore whoever wishes to be a friend of the world makes himself an enemy of God. 5 Or do you think that the Scripture speaks to no purpose: “He jealously desires the Spirit which He has made to dwell in us”? 6 But He gives a greater grace. Therefore it says, “God is opposed to the proud, but gi...

James 4:5 Or do you think that the Scripture speaks to no purpose: “He jealously desires the Spirit which He has made to dwell in us”? (NASB95)           James 4:5 presents two interpretive problems in the second half of the verse. First, the NASB’s rendering differs from other English translations, attesting to its difficulty. The fact that “jealously” and “desires” can have both negative and pos...

James 4:4 You adulteresses, do you not know that friendship with the world is hostility toward God? Therefore whoever wishes to be a friend of the world makes himself an enemy of God.            Although James called his readers “beloved brethren” (1:16, 19; 2:5), in 4:2 he accused them of murder. Now in 4:4 he calls them “adulteresses.” Why? Because of their penchant to stray from God—their “frie...

James 4:2b-3 You do not have because you do not ask. 3 You ask and do not receive, because you ask with wrong motives, so that you may spend it on your pleasures.Prayer is always the solution to the problems Christians face—asking God for the right things and for the right reasons. Jesus plainly exhorted us to “Ask, and it will be given to you” (Matt. 7:7). James warns, however, that our prayer re...

James 4:1-2a What is the source of quarrels and conflicts among you? Is not the source your pleasures that wage war in your members? 2 You lust and do not have; so you commit murder. You are envious and cannot obtain; so you fight and quarrel.            Back in 3:16 James addressed the problem that exists in our churches when jealousy and selfish ambition are present: “there is disorder and every...

James 3:17-18 But the wisdom from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, reasonable, full of mercy and good fruits, unwavering, without hypocrisy. 18 And the seed whose fruit is righteousness is sown in peace by those who make peace.            Crucial to James’s point throughout his epistle is not so much what wisdom is but what it does. Like faith, wisdom is something that anyone can posse...

James 3:15-16 This wisdom is not that which comes down from above, but is earthly, natural, demonic. 16 For where jealousy and selfish ambition exist, there is disorder and every evil thing.            In contrast to the wisdom that is evident in those who love Christ—He who came down from above (cf. John 1:1, 14; 8:23), there is the wisdom that is “earthly, natural, demonic” (Gr. epigeios, psuchi...

James 3:13-14 Who among you is wise and understanding? Let him show by his good behavior his deeds in the gentleness of wisdom. 14 But if you have bitter jealousy and selfish ambition in your heart, do not be arrogant and so lie against the truth.Those who think themselves wise might expect to be recognized for their intellect, wealth, or fame. Yet James speaks of wisdom in theological terms—wisdo...

James 3:13 Who among you is wise and understanding? Let him show by his good behavior his deeds in the gentleness of wisdom.            James begins this section by asking his readers to discern who is wise and understanding among them. Although he may have had teachers in view (3:1), he was no doubt asking the question for everyone to consider. True also today, those considered wise in James’ day...

James 3:13 Who among you is wise and understanding? Let him show by his good behavior his deeds in the gentleness of wisdom.            In both the Old and New Testaments there are two kinds of wisdom: God’s wisdom and worldly wisdom (cf. Jas. 3:15). In 3:13, James proposes the next test of true salvation: whether one possesses wisdom and understanding. James, however, is not talking about intelli...

James 3:9-12 With it we bless our Lord and Father, and with it we curse men, who have been made in the likeness of God; 10 from the same mouth come both blessing and cursing. My brethren, these things ought not to be this way. 11 Does a fountain send out from the same opening both fresh and bitter water? 12 Can a fig tree, my brethren, produce olives, or a vine produce figs? Nor can salt water pro...

James 3:7-8 For every species of beasts and birds, of reptiles and creatures of the sea, is tamed and has been tamed by the human race. 8 But no one can tame the tongue; it is a restless evil and full of deadly poison.In the book of Proverbs, the tongue of the fool babbles (10:8), slanders (10:18), lies (12:19), and boasts arrogantly (18:12). The rest of Scripture speaks of the tongue as wicked, d...

James 3:5b-6 See how great a forest is set aflame by such a small fire! 6 And the tongue is a fire, the very world of iniquity; the tongue is set among our members as that which defiles the entire body, and sets on fire the course of our life, and is set on fire by hell.Much of what James writes is a reflection of Jesus’ own words, especially as they relate to the Sermon on the Mount in Matthew 5-...

James 3:3-5 Now if we put the bits into the horses’ mouths so that they will obey us, we direct their entire body as well. 4 Look at the ships also, though they are so great and are driven by strong winds, are still directed by a very small rudder wherever the inclination of the pilot desires. 5 So also the tongue is a small part of the body, and yet it boasts of great things. See how great a fore...

James 3:1-2 Let not many of you become teachers, my brethren, knowing that as such we will incur a stricter judgment. 2 For we all stumble in many ways. If anyone does not stumble in what he says, he is a perfect man, able to bridle the whole body as well.            Having just taught on the importance of works as a vindication of one’s saving faith in 2:14-26, James clarifies that words are work...